NEBINION - CRYPTO GLOSSARY

This Crypto Glossary for Beginners provides simple, easy-to-understand definitions of common terms used in the world of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. Whether you’re new to crypto or just looking to brush up on your knowledge, this glossary covers key concepts like wallets, tokens, mining, and much more to help you navigate the crypto space with confidence.

Address Delegation
The process of assigning a wallet’s stake to a Super Staker to help secure the network.
Airdrop
A promotional strategy where free tokens are distributed to users, often as a marketing tactic for new cryptocurrencies.
Algorithm
A set of defined steps or procedures used to solve a problem or complete a task in computational processes.
Algorithmic Stablecoin
Stablecoins that maintain their peg to a fiat currency (like USD) through algorithms and smart contracts instead of being backed by reserves.
All-Time-High (ATH)
The peak price or market cap a cryptocurrency has ever reached.
All-Time-Low (ATL)
The lowest value or market cap that a cryptocurrency has experienced in its history.
Altcoin
Any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin, often referring to those that have been launched after Bitcoin’s success.
Application Programming Interface (API)
A tool that allows different software systems to communicate with each other, enabling data exchange and interaction between applications.
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
A custom-designed machine built specifically to perform a single function, such as mining cryptocurrency, more efficiently than general-purpose hardware.
Arbitrage
A trading strategy that involves buying an asset at a lower price in one market and selling it at a higher price in another to capitalize on price differences.
ASIC Resistant
Describes a cryptocurrency protocol designed to make mining more accessible for general users by resisting the efficiency of ASICs, encouraging the use of consumer-grade hardware.
Ask Me Anything (AMA)
A type of interactive session where a public figure or expert answers questions from the public, often hosted by organizations or celebrities.
Atomic SWAP
A decentralized technology allowing users to exchange one cryptocurrency for another without the need for a trusted intermediary or centralized exchange.
Automatic Replay Protection
A security measure introduced by Bitcoin Cash to prevent the accidental spending of funds due to duplicate transactions across different chains.

Bagholder
Someone who continues to hold a large quantity of cryptocurrency despite its value dropping significantly or becoming near worthless.
Bakkt
A platform developed by the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) to offer cryptocurrency-based financial products, including Futures and Options contracts.
Batch Auction
An auction model where tokens are distributed to participants based on their contribution, with each participant receiving a proportionate share of the total amount.
Bearish
A term describing negative market sentiment, where investors anticipate that prices or value of assets will decrease.
Bear Market
A market characterized by a prolonged period of declining prices or a general downward trend in the value of assets.
Bitcoin ATM
A physical machine that allows users to buy or sell Bitcoin, and in some cases, other cryptocurrencies, without using a centralized exchange.
Bitcoin Evangelist
A passionate supporter of Bitcoin who actively spreads knowledge and advocates for its adoption and understanding.
Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP)
A formal proposal suggesting enhancements or updates to the Bitcoin protocol or network, aiming to improve its functionality or features.
BitLicense
A regulatory framework issued by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSDFS) that grants businesses permission to operate with cryptocurrency in New York.
Block
A unit of data in a blockchain containing transaction information, bundled together in a specific size before being added to the chain.
Blockchain
A decentralized ledger used to record transactions in a secure, transparent, and immutable manner, with Bitcoin being the most well-known example.
Block Confirmation
The number of blocks that have been added to the chain after a given block, serving as an indicator of its validity and security.
Block Explorer
A tool or website that provides a view of blockchain data, such as transaction details, wallet addresses, and block statuses.
Block Height
A numerical indicator of a block’s position in the blockchain, with each block having a unique height starting from the Genesis Block.
Block Reward
A reward given to miners or validators who successfully add a new block to the blockchain, typically consisting of newly minted cryptocurrency and transaction fees.
Bloodbath
A term used to describe a market condition where many assets experience steep declines in value, often causing panic among investors.
Bots
Automated software or programs that execute trades or other actions based on pre-set instructions, often used in cryptocurrency markets for trading purposes.
Bounty
A reward or incentive offered for completing specific tasks or challenges, often used in the cryptocurrency space for bug reporting or marketing efforts.
BUIDL
A phrase encouraging crypto enthusiasts and investors to actively work on building new blockchain projects or solutions, rather than merely holding tokens.
Bullish
A term used to express a positive market sentiment, where investors expect prices or asset values to increase.
Bull Market
A market characterized by rising prices and a general upward trend in the value of assets, often driven by optimistic investor sentiment.
Burned Tokens
Tokens that have been intentionally sent to addresses without private keys, effectively removing them from circulation and reducing the total supply.
Buy/Sell Tax
A transaction fee applied to on-chain buy or sell actions, where a portion of the trade is redirected to a specific address or fund.
Buy the F*in Dip (BTFD)**
A rallying cry among crypto traders encouraging others to buy assets when their prices fall, capitalizing on the price decline.
Buy Wall
A situation in which a large buy order at a specific price creates a significant barrier in the order book, making it appear as though there’s a “wall” of demand.
Byzantine Fault
A type of error that occurs in decentralized systems where faulty or malicious nodes do not provide enough information for the system to determine the cause of the failure.
Byzantine Generals’ Problem
A theoretical problem in distributed computing that deals with the challenge of achieving consensus in a group of unreliable or untrustworthy participants.

cc0 NFT
A type of NFT where the creator has waived all intellectual property rights, placing it into the public domain for anyone to use freely.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
A government-issued digital currency backed by a central bank, distinct from cryptocurrencies as it is regulated and controlled by a governmental body.
Centralized
A system or network structure where control is held by a small group or single entity, as opposed to being distributed across many participants.
Central Ledger
A single, authoritative database maintained by an organization or bank to record all transactions or data.
Circulating Supply
The number of cryptocurrency coins or tokens that are available for public trading, excluding those that are locked or reserved.
Cloud Mining
A method of cryptocurrency mining where individuals rent computational power from third-party service providers who own the physical hardware.
Cold Storage
The practice of storing cryptocurrency offline, often on hardware wallets or paper wallets, to enhance security against online threats.
Cold Wallet
A type of cryptocurrency wallet that is not connected to the internet, providing additional protection by requiring physical access to retrieve the stored funds.
Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO)
A financial product where debt obligations are pooled together and sold as securities to investors, backed by underlying assets.
Composability
The ability to integrate and combine various software components or applications in a flexible and functional manner to build more complex systems.
Consensus
A process in blockchain networks by which all participants reach an agreement on the validity of transactions or the content of the next block.
Crowdsale
A fundraising method where tokens are sold to the public at a fixed price, usually on a first-come-first-serve basis.
Crypto Bubble
A phenomenon in cryptocurrency markets where the prices of digital assets surge dramatically, driven by speculative investment, before eventually collapsing.
Cryptocurrency
A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography to secure transactions, enabling decentralized control without relying on a central authority.
Cryptocurrency Act of 2020
A proposed U.S. law aimed at defining the regulatory framework for cryptocurrency, outlining which federal agencies are responsible for overseeing different types of crypto assets.
Cryptography
The science of encoding and decoding information to ensure privacy and security, allowing data to be protected and accessed only by authorized parties.
Custody
The act of safeguarding and managing the ownership of assets, typically in the context of storing cryptocurrencies or other financial instruments securely.

Daily Active Addresses (DAA)
Refers to the number of unique blockchain addresses that engage in transactions or activities on a daily basis, helping to measure network usage.
Dead Cat Bounce
A temporary price increase that occurs after a significant decline in the market, often seen as a false recovery before the downward trend resumes.
Decentralized
A system or network that operates without a central controlling entity, where decision-making and control are distributed among its participants.
Decentralized Applications (dApps)
Applications that operate on decentralized networks, such as Ethereum, allowing users to interact without reliance on central authorities or intermediaries.
Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)
A fully autonomous organization governed by smart contracts, with no need for central leadership, often operating on a blockchain.
Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
A movement that seeks to replicate traditional financial services using decentralized protocols, eliminating intermediaries like banks and offering services like lending and borrowing.
Decryption
The process of converting encrypted data back into its original, readable form, ensuring that only authorized parties can access the information.
Degen
Refers to someone who engages in high-risk crypto trading or investing without conducting proper research, often resembling gambling behavior.
Delegated Proof-of-Stake (dPOS)
A consensus mechanism where blockchain participants vote for delegates who validate transactions and secure the network, making the process more efficient.
Derivatives
Financial instruments that derive their value from the performance of an underlying asset, such as stocks, commodities, or cryptocurrencies.
Derivatives Market
A market where financial instruments like futures, options, and swaps are traded, allowing participants to speculate on or hedge against the future price of assets.
Difficulty
A measure that determines how hard it is to mine a new block in a blockchain network, typically adjusting to ensure block generation occurs at a consistent rate.
Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
A type of data structure used in some blockchain technologies that allows data to flow in one direction, creating an irreversible and non-repetitive path for transactions.
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack
A type of cyber attack where multiple systems flood a targeted server or network with excessive traffic, causing it to crash or become unavailable.
Distributed Ledger
A type of database that is shared and synchronized across multiple locations or participants, ensuring transparency and redundancy of data.
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
The technology behind distributed ledgers that enables the secure sharing of data across a decentralized network of participants.
Dominance
A metric that measures the relative market capitalization of a particular cryptocurrency (often Bitcoin) compared to the total market cap of all cryptocurrencies.
Double Spending
The act of attempting to spend the same cryptocurrency more than once, often through exploiting weaknesses in the transaction verification process.
Do Your Own Research (DYOR)
A phrase urging investors to conduct thorough research and due diligence before making investment decisions in the cryptocurrency space.
Dump
Refers to the rapid selling of assets, especially in a market downturn, leading to a sharp drop in prices.
Dusting Attack
A malicious strategy where small amounts of cryptocurrency are sent to many addresses in order to track or trace the identity of the owners.
Dutch Auction
A type of auction where the price starts high and gradually decreases over time until a buyer agrees to pay the current price, usually for tokens or assets.

EIP (Ethereum Improvement Proposal)
A formal suggestion to improve or add new features to the Ethereum network, which is reviewed and accepted by the Ethereum community before being implemented.
Emission
The rate at which new cryptocurrency units are generated and made available on the market, as determined by the rules set out by the blockchain’s protocol.
Encryption
The process of transforming readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using a cryptographic algorithm, ensuring that only authorized individuals can convert it back into its original form.
Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA)
A consortium of Ethereum developers, startups, and major corporations that work together to explore and implement Ethereum-based solutions for business use cases.
ERC-1155
A token standard on Ethereum that allows for the creation of both fungible and non-fungible tokens within a single contract, supporting a wide range of use cases with diverse token attributes.
ERC-20
A popular Ethereum token standard used to create interchangeable, fungible tokens that can be traded or used within Ethereum-based projects or platforms.
ERC-721
An Ethereum token standard designed for creating unique, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which are used for representing ownership of individual items, such as art or collectibles.
Ethereum Name Service (ENS)
A service that maps human-readable names (like “yourname.eth”) to Ethereum addresses, making it easier to send cryptocurrency or find decentralized websites without using complicated addresses.
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)
The runtime environment within which Ethereum smart contracts are executed, ensuring that code runs consistently and securely across all Ethereum nodes.
Exchange Traded Fund (ETF)
A type of investment fund that holds a basket of assets (such as stocks, bonds, or cryptocurrencies) and can be traded on stock exchanges, similar to a single stock.
Explain Like I’m Five (ELI5)
A way of simplifying complex topics to the point where even a young child could easily understand the concept without needing prior knowledge.
Externally Owned Accounts (EOA)
Accounts in the Ethereum network that are controlled by private keys, without any associated smart contract code, typically used by individuals to manage their assets.

Faucet
A website or application that offers small, regular rewards of cryptocurrency to users, often as a way to introduce them to the world of crypto.
Fear of Missing Out (FOMO)
The anxious feeling that arises when someone fears they are missing out on a potential opportunity to invest in something profitable, such as cryptocurrencies, often leading to impulsive decisions.
Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt (FUD)
A tactic used to discourage investors from purchasing a specific cryptocurrency by spreading misleading or negative information.
Fiat-Pegged Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrencies that are backed by or tied to the value of a traditional asset, like a fiat currency (e.g., the US dollar), to maintain stability in price.
Flappening
A term describing the situation where Litecoin’s market capitalization surpasses that of Bitcoin Cash, similar to the concept of the “Flippening” when another cryptocurrency overtakes Bitcoin.
Frontrun
The practice of executing a transaction before a large order is processed on an automated market maker (AMM) platform, with the intent to profit by reselling the assets back to the original buyer.
Full Node
A type of computer that downloads and verifies the entire blockchain, ensuring that the rules of a given cryptocurrency’s protocol are followed and maintaining the network’s integrity.
Full Pay-Per-Share (FPPS)
A mining pool payout method where miners are paid not only for the blocks they contribute to, but also receive a share of the transaction fees from the identified block, providing additional incentives.
Fully Diluted Valuation (FDV)
The projected market value of a cryptocurrency if all of its tokens were to be released and circulated, calculated based on its current market price, though this is a theoretical value and may change depending on supply increases.
Futures
A financial contract that obligates two parties to trade an asset at a predetermined future date and price, often used for speculating or hedging against price movements.

Gas
A unit used to measure the computational effort needed to carry out transactions or execute smart contracts on the Ethereum network.
Gas Limit
The maximum amount of gas a user is willing to spend on a transaction on the Ethereum blockchain, setting a cap on the computational cost.
Gas Price
The price a user is willing to pay per unit of gas for a transaction on the Ethereum blockchain, often determining how quickly the transaction will be processed.
Genesis Block
The first block in a blockchain, often referred to as ‘block 0’ or ‘block 1,’ marking the beginning of a new chain of blocks.
gm (Good Morning)
A common abbreviation for “Good Morning,” widely used in the crypto community as a casual greeting. Similarly, “gn” is used to bid people goodnight.
Goblin Town
A colloquial term referring to a prolonged market downturn or bear market, often used to describe the feeling of being in a market slump.
Golden Cross
A bullish technical indicator in candlestick analysis, where a short-term moving average crosses above a long-term moving average, signaling potential upward price movement.
Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)
A hardware component designed to handle graphic rendering or complex calculations, often used to assist processors in tasks like gaming or cryptocurrency mining.
Gwei
A subunit of Ether, used to denominate the price of gas on the Ethereum network, similar to how cents are used to represent smaller units of a dollar.

Halving
A significant event that reduces the mining reward in a blockchain network by 50%, typically occurring at predefined intervals in networks using Proof-of-Work.
Hard Cap
The upper limit on the total amount of funds that an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) can raise, beyond which no more contributions will be accepted.
Hard Fork
A radical and permanent change to a blockchain’s protocol, leading to a split into two separate chains. The original chain will no longer recognize the new forked version.
Hash
The result of a cryptographic function that turns input data into a fixed-length alphanumeric string, commonly used in digital security and blockchain transactions.
Hashgraph
A distributed ledger technology seen as an alternative to blockchain, designed to improve scalability and speed while offering consensus through a different method than traditional blockchains.
Hashrate
The overall computational power used by a blockchain network to process transactions or the rate at which hash values are calculated over a given period.
Hey Hey Hey
A popular phrase famously associated with Carlos Matos, who was a spokesperson for the Bitconnect Ponzi scheme, often shouted during events to hype up the crowd.
HODL
A term originating from a misspelled word “hold,” used to advocate for holding onto one’s cryptocurrency assets during price fluctuations instead of selling.
Hot Wallet
A cryptocurrency wallet that is connected to the internet, allowing for easier access and transactions, but also more vulnerable to hacks compared to offline storage methods.
Hybrid PoW/PoS
A consensus mechanism that combines both Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) protocols, allowing both to coexist and function within the same blockchain network.
Hyperledger (Hyperledger Foundation)
An open-source initiative hosted by The Linux Foundation, aiming to advance cross-industry blockchain technologies and build modular frameworks for blockchain-based solutions.

IEO (Initial Exchange Offering)
A variation of an Initial Coin Offering (ICO), where token sales are facilitated through an exchange platform instead of being handled by the cryptocurrency’s development team directly.
Immutable
Refers to a feature where data or a record cannot be altered, changed, or deleted, ensuring that it remains consistent and secure over time.
Impermanent Loss
A temporary reduction in the value of assets held in a liquidity pool due to price fluctuations between paired tokens, affecting liquidity providers.
Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
A fundraising method where a new cryptocurrency or blockchain project sells its tokens to investors, similar to an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in the stock market.
Internet of Things (IoT)
A network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects that are connected to the internet and can communicate with each other without the need for human interaction.
Interoperability
The ability of different systems or products to work seamlessly together, even if they are built on different platforms or technologies.
InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)
A decentralized, peer-to-peer file storage and sharing protocol designed to make data accessible and persistent across distributed networks.
IPO (Initial Public Offering)
The process by which a private company offers its shares to the public for the first time in order to raise capital from public investors.
IYKYK (If You Know, You Know)
A phrase used to indicate that something shared is insider knowledge, understood only by those with prior experience or familiarity with a specific topic or event.

Kimchi Premium
The term used to describe the price disparity between Bitcoin traded on South Korean exchanges and the prices found on global exchanges.
KYC (Know Your Customer)
A process through which businesses are obligated to verify the identity of their clients and assess any potential risks of illegal activities, such as money laundering.

Ledger
A system that records financial transactions in a way that ensures they can’t be altered, with only new transactions being added over time.
Leverage
A strategy where investors borrow funds to amplify the potential returns on their investments.
Lightning Network
A “second layer” protocol built on top of a blockchain, enabling fast, off-chain transactions without the need for block confirmations.
Limit Order / Limit Buy / Limit Sell
Orders set by traders to buy or sell a cryptocurrency at a specific price, only executed when that price is met.
Liquidity
The ease with which a cryptocurrency can be traded for cash or other assets without affecting its price significantly.
Liquid Proof of Stake (LPoS)
A variation of Proof of Stake used by Tezos, allowing more flexibility in staking while ensuring the network remains secure.

Mainnet
The primary network where transactions involving a particular cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin, are conducted and recorded.
Margin Call
A demand made by a broker or exchange to an investor to deposit more funds into their margin account when it falls below the required threshold.
Margin Trading
A method of trading in which investors borrow money from a broker (or exchange in crypto) to leverage larger positions than they could afford with their own capital.
Market Capitalization (Market Cap)
A measure of a cryptocurrency’s total value, calculated by multiplying its current price by the circulating supply of coins or tokens.
Market Maker
A participant in the market who provides liquidity by placing buy and sell orders to facilitate trades.
Market Order / Market Buy / Market Sell
A type of order to buy or sell a cryptocurrency or asset immediately at the best available price in the market.
Market Taker
An individual or entity that executes trades by matching existing buy or sell orders in the market.
Masternodes
Special nodes in a blockchain that perform additional functions, such as validating transactions, and are rewarded for their contribution to the network.
Mempool
The “memory pool” is a collection of all unconfirmed transactions that are waiting to be processed and added to the blockchain.
Merkle Tree
A cryptographic tree structure where each leaf node is a hash of data, and each non-leaf node is the hash of its child nodes, used for efficient data verification.
Metaverse
A digital, virtual world where users can interact with each other and the environment, often through avatars or other immersive technology.
MicroBitcoin (uBTC)
A small denomination of Bitcoin, equal to one-millionth of a single Bitcoin (0.000001 BTC).
Microtransaction
Small payments made for digital goods or services, such as in-game purchases or other online purchases.
Mineable
Describes a cryptocurrency that can be mined using computational resources, where miners earn new coins for validating transactions.
Miners
Individuals or machines that validate transactions and add them to the blockchain by solving complex mathematical problems.
Mining
The process in which miners verify transactions and add them to a blockchain by solving cryptographic puzzles.
Mining Contract
A contract where users can rent or invest in mining power from a cloud mining provider to participate in the mining process.
Mining Pool
A group of miners who combine their computational power to increase the chances of earning mining rewards, sharing the proceeds proportionally.
Mining Reward
The compensation miners receive for their efforts in validating transactions and securing the blockchain network.
Mining Rig
A specialized computer system designed for mining cryptocurrencies, often built with multiple graphics cards (GPUs) or specialized hardware.
Mnemonic Phrase
A sequence of words used to recover or restore access to cryptocurrency assets, commonly known as a “seed phrase.”
Mnemonics
Memory aids, such as sequences of letters or associations, used to help recall complex information, such as a cryptocurrency wallet’s seed phrase.
Money Printer Go Brrr
A meme referring to the US Federal Reserve printing large amounts of money, especially during economic crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Moon
A crypto term that refers to the rapid increase in the price of a cryptocurrency, often signaling a significant rise in value, as in “to the moon.”
Mt. Gox
Once the largest Bitcoin exchange, Mt. Gox became infamous for its bankruptcy and the loss of millions of dollars worth of Bitcoin after a hack in 2014.
Multisignature (Multisig)
A type of wallet requiring multiple private keys to authorize a transaction, offering enhanced security over single-key wallets.

Node
A computer connected to the blockchain network that stores a complete and up-to-date copy of the blockchain ledger, helping to validate and propagate transactions.
Nonce
Short for “number used once,” a nonce is a unique value used in the mining process to help ensure that the output hash of a block is valid and secure on the Bitcoin network.
Non-Custodial
Refers to a type of wallet where the user retains full control over their private keys, meaning they are the sole custodian of their assets without relying on a third-party service.
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT)
Unique digital assets on the Ethereum blockchain, typically using the ERC-721 standard, where each token represents a distinct item or piece of content with specific value and characteristics.

Off-Chain
Refers to transactions or activities that take place outside the blockchain network, allowing for faster execution without waiting for block confirmations.
Offline Staking
A method of staking where users can participate in staking without needing to remain constantly connected to the blockchain, allowing them to earn rewards while offline.
Open/Close
Refers to the price of a cryptocurrency at the start (open) and end (close) of a specific time frame, like the start and end of a trading day.
Open Source
A type of software that is made available to the public under a license allowing anyone to access, modify, and distribute the software for any purpose.
opML (Optimistic Machine Learning)
A technique in machine learning that uses optimistic verification to efficiently handle large-scale models with numerous parameters, utilizing fraud proofs to ensure accuracy of computations.
Option
A financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specific time period.
Oracles
Services that provide real-world data to blockchains and smart contracts, enabling them to interact with external systems and make decisions based on up-to-date, verified information.
Order Book
A digital record of all active buy and sell orders in a trading platform, showing the price and quantity of assets available for trade.
Over The Counter (OTC)
Refers to direct cryptocurrency trades that happen between two parties without the involvement of an exchange, typically used for large transactions to avoid slippage.

Pay-Per-Last N Shares (PPLNS)
A mining payment system that only rewards miners once the pool has successfully mined a block. Compensation is based on the number of valid shares contributed, but only after the block is discovered.
Pay-Per-Share (PPS)
A mining payment model where miners are paid for each valid share they contribute, with each share being worth a predetermined amount of cryptocurrency that could be mined.
Peer to Peer (P2P)
A decentralized communication model that allows direct interaction between participants without relying on a central hub or intermediary.
Permissioned Blockchain
A blockchain that is restricted, where only authorized participants (nodes) are granted permission to access and interact with the network, often controlled by a central entity.
PFP (Profile Picture / Picture For Proof)
A term used in the crypto community to refer to a user’s profile picture or an image serving as proof of identity or association.
Ponzi Scheme
A fraudulent investment scheme where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital of new investors rather than from profit earned by the operation of a legitimate business.
Portfolio
A collection of all your cryptocurrency holdings, including tokens, coins, and assets, often used for tracking and managing your investments.
Pre-sale
A limited, typically private token sale event that occurs before a public Initial Coin Offering (ICO), allowing early investors to purchase tokens at a discount or preferential rate.
Privacy Coins
Cryptocurrencies designed to enhance user privacy by making transactions anonymous or untraceable, focusing on safeguarding transaction details.
Private Keys
A unique alphanumeric string used to sign transactions from a cryptocurrency address and provide access to the funds stored within that address.
Proof-of-Authority (PoA)
A consensus algorithm where the right to validate blocks is given to trusted entities, usually based on their identity and reputation, rather than on computational power or stake.
Proof-of-Burn (PoB)
A consensus mechanism where validators burn (destroy) a certain amount of cryptocurrency to prove their commitment and earn the right to validate new blocks.
Proof-of-Developer (PoD)
A concept that vouches for the reputation of a project by validating the identity of its developers, promoting trust based on their credentials and work history.
Proof of Stake (PoS)
A consensus algorithm where validators are chosen to create blocks based on the number of tokens they hold and are willing to “stake” as collateral.
Proof of Work (PoW)
A consensus algorithm where validators (miners) compete to solve complex mathematical puzzles to validate blocks and secure the network, often requiring significant computational resources.
Protocol
A set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted, processed, and verified within a network, ensuring proper communication and function among participants.
Public Blockchain
A blockchain that is open to anyone who wants to participate, where anyone can access, read, and write to the blockchain without permission, making it fully decentralized.
Public Keys
A cryptographic string that serves as an address or identifier on a blockchain network, used for receiving cryptocurrency payments or transactions.
Pump and Dump Scheme
A market manipulation tactic in which the price of an asset is artificially inflated (pumped) to attract buyers, only to be rapidly sold off (dumped) for profit, causing the price to plummet.

QR Code
Short for “Quick Response Code,” a QR code is a machine-readable optical label that can store up to 3KB of data, often used for quickly accessing information, websites, or making transactions via a scanner or mobile device.

Reddit r/CryptoCurrency Moon
Moons are a type of reward earned by users for their contributions to the r/CryptoCurrency subreddit. These tokens are earned through participation, upvotes, and quality contributions to the community.
REKT
A shorthand slang for “wrecked,” typically used to describe a situation where someone suffers significant financial losses, often due to bad trades or poor investment decisions in the crypto space.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
RSI is a popular technical indicator used to analyze financial markets. It evaluates the overbought or oversold conditions of an asset by comparing the current and historical closing prices. The RSI oscillates between 0 and 100, with values below 30 indicating oversold conditions and values above 70 indicating overbought conditions.
Replay Attack
A replay attack occurs when valid data transmissions are fraudulently intercepted, delayed, or resent in an attempt to mislead the receiver into taking actions that the hacker desires. This can be a significant security risk in blockchain networks.
Ring Signature
A type of digital signature that allows a member of a group to sign a message in such a way that it’s impossible to determine which member’s key was used. This is commonly used in privacy-focused cryptocurrencies, such as Monero, to obfuscate transaction origins.
ROI
Short for “Return on Investment,” ROI is a metric used to measure the profitability of an investment. It’s calculated by dividing the net profit of the investment by the cost of the investment and is often expressed as a percentage.
Rug Pull
A rug pull is a type of scam where the developers of a cryptocurrency or decentralized finance (DeFi) project suddenly withdraw liquidity or abandon the project, causing the asset’s price to crash due to a lack of liquidity to support buy or sell orders.

Salt (cryptography)
In cryptography, a salt is an additional random input added to a password or passphrase to make the password hash unique. This prevents the hashed password from being easily cracked by attackers using precomputed databases like rainbow tables.
Satoshi
A unit of measurement for the smallest divisible unit of a bitcoin. One bitcoin equals 100 million Satoshis. It’s named after Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto.
Satoshi Nakamoto
The pseudonym used by the person or group who created Bitcoin and published its whitepaper in 2008. The true identity of Satoshi Nakamoto remains unknown.
Scrypt
A hashing algorithm used in the proof-of-work protocol. Scrypt requires more memory to perform mining functions, making it more resistant to specialized hardware like ASICs compared to Bitcoin’s SHA-256.
Second-Layer Solutions
These are secondary networks or frameworks built on top of an existing blockchain to address issues related to transaction speed and scalability. Examples include the Lightning Network for Bitcoin and Plasma for Ethereum.
Secure Asset Fund for Users (SAFU)
A feature created by Binance to protect users in the event of a catastrophic event, such as an exchange hack. It contains reserve funds that can be used to reimburse users who lose assets due to such events.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
A U.S. government agency responsible for regulating the securities industry, enforcing securities laws, and proposing rules. It plays a role in overseeing the legal landscape of cryptocurrency regulations in the United States.
Seed
A value, usually in the form of a string of 12 common English words, used to initialize the generation of a pseudorandom number. It is typically associated with the generation of private keys in wallets.
Segregated Witness (SegWit)
A Bitcoin protocol upgrade (soft fork) that changes the way transactions are stored, improving Bitcoin’s scalability and addressing transaction malleability issues. SegWit introduces a new way of separating the transaction signature from the transaction data.
Sell Wall
A large number of sell orders placed at a single price point in the order book, creating a visual “wall.” This can act as resistance, as it may be hard for the price to move past this level without significant buying pressure.
SHA-256
Abbreviation for “Secure Hashing Algorithm 256-bit.” It is part of the SHA-2 family of cryptographic hash functions, widely used in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies for proof-of-work mining. It generates a fixed-size 64-character hash output.
Sharding
A method of database partitioning that splits up a blockchain’s data into smaller segments (shards) to improve scalability and processing speed. Each shard processes transactions and smart contracts independently.
Shilling
The act of promoting or advertising a cryptocurrency or asset covertly, often pretending to be an enthusiastic customer, in order to manipulate others into buying the asset.
Shitcoin
A derogatory term used to describe a cryptocurrency with little to no real value, utility, or potential. Typically used for low-quality or failed projects.
Side Chain
A separate blockchain that operates in parallel to the main blockchain (or parent chain). It allows assets to be transferred between the side chain and the main chain while maintaining the integrity of the main chain.
Sim Swapping
A tactic where a hacker takes control of a person’s mobile phone by fraudulently transferring their phone number to a new SIM card. This is often used to bypass two-factor authentication and steal funds from cryptocurrency accounts.
Smart Contracts
Self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code. Smart contracts automatically execute and enforce the terms without the need for intermediaries.
Soft Cap
The minimum target amount that an ICO (Initial Coin Offering) or token sale aims to raise. If the soft cap is not met, the project may not proceed, or funds may be returned to investors.
Soft Fork
A backward-compatible upgrade to a blockchain’s protocol. Unlike a hard fork, a soft fork allows the new version of the protocol to still accept transactions from the older version, although it may introduce new features or rules.
Software Development Kit (SDK)
A collection of tools, libraries, documentation, and APIs that developers use to build applications for a specific platform or operating system. In the blockchain world, SDKs are often used to develop decentralized applications (dApps).
Solidity
An object-oriented programming language specifically designed for writing smart contracts on Ethereum and other blockchain platforms. Solidity is one of the most popular languages for building decentralized applications (dApps).
Solo Staker
A participant in Proof-of-Stake (PoS) systems who uses their own tokens to validate blocks and earn rewards independently, without relying on staking pools.
Stablecoin
A type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value, typically by pegging its value to a fiat currency like the U.S. dollar or a commodity such as gold. Stablecoins are less volatile than traditional cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Staking
The process of locking up a cryptocurrency to participate as a validator in a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) network. Stakers help secure the network and, in return, earn rewards for their efforts.
Stale Block
A block that is successfully mined but is not included in the blockchain because another block was added to the chain at the same time. Stale blocks are discarded and do not contribute to the blockchain.
State Channel
A second-layer scaling solution that allows two or more participants to transact off-chain, reducing transaction costs and improving transaction speeds. The final state of the transaction is recorded on-chain.
STO (Security Token Offering)
A fundraising method where tokenized digital securities (security tokens) are issued and sold. Security tokens are subject to securities regulations and represent ownership in a real-world asset or entity.
Stop-loss Order
A type of market order designed to limit an investor’s loss. A stop-loss order automatically sells a cryptocurrency when its price falls below a specified level.
Super Staker
A type of validator in PoS networks, such as Qtum, that runs a full node and provides staking services to other users. In return, the Super Staker takes a small fee from the block rewards.

Tangle
The name for IOTA’s Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based transaction settlement layer. Unlike traditional blockchains, the Tangle does not use miners, allowing for faster and fee-less transactions.
Testnet
Short for “Test Network,” testnets are blockchain environments used for testing new features and functionalities before they are deployed to the mainnet. They are used by developers to ensure that updates work properly without affecting live assets.
Ticker
A ticker is a stock or asset symbol, typically a short and unique abbreviation that represents the asset. It serves as an identifier for a specific asset or cryptocurrency, such as BTC for Bitcoin or ETH for Ethereum.
Token
A blockchain-based unit of value issued by an organization. Tokens can represent a variety of assets or rights and often grant token holders participation rights in a decentralized network or application.
Token Burn
An event in which tokens are permanently removed from circulation, often as a method to reduce supply and potentially increase the value of remaining tokens. Token burns are verifiable on the blockchain.
Token Generation Event (TGE)
An event in which new tokens are created and distributed to the public, typically in a crowd sale or ICO/IDO. TGEs are used as a method of raising capital and getting a network or project off the ground.
Total Supply
The total number of tokens or coins that will ever exist in a cryptocurrency network. It includes the circulating supply and tokens that may be released in the future.
Total Value Locked (TVL)
A metric used in the decentralized finance (DeFi) space to measure the total value of assets locked in a protocol or platform. It represents the amount of funds that are secured in a DeFi protocol, often shown in terms of USD value.
Trading Volume
The total amount of a cryptocurrency that has been traded on exchanges within a specific time period, often reported on a 24-hour basis. Trading volume indicates the liquidity and activity level of a market.
Transaction Fee
A fee paid to the blockchain network for processing and validating a transaction. The fee incentivizes miners or validators to include the transaction in the next block or validation.
Transactions Per Second (TPS)
A metric that represents the number of transactions processed per second by a blockchain network. It measures the scalability of the network and its capacity to handle large numbers of transactions.
Trustless
Refers to the property of a system or blockchain where transactions and interactions are entirely verifiable and secure without the need to trust a central authority or individual. Trustless systems use cryptographic proofs and consensus algorithms to ensure transparency and reliability.
Turing-Complete
A term used to describe a programming language or blockchain that can perform any computation or solve any problem, as long as it’s given the proper algorithm and resources. A Turing-complete blockchain can execute any smart contract or decentralized application (dApp) that requires complex logic.

Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO)
UTXO refers to the coins that are unspent in a wallet. It represents the cryptocurrency that an individual owns in their wallet. These are the outputs of a transaction that have not yet been used in subsequent transactions. UTXOs are essential in Bitcoin and many other cryptocurrencies for tracking ownership.
UTC Time
Short for Universal Time Coordinated, UTC is the time standard used worldwide and is based on the mean solar time at the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England. UTC is often used interchangeably with Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and serves as the reference for timekeeping across the globe.
Utility Token
A cryptocurrency token that has a specific use or utility within a blockchain network or ecosystem. Unlike regular tokens that may be used purely for investment, utility tokens provide users with access to a product or service on the platform (e.g., paying for services, accessing decentralized applications). They are often used within a decentralized platform to perform specific tasks or actions.

Validator
A participant in a Proof of Stake (PoS) blockchain network who is responsible for validating new transactions and adding them to the blockchain. Validators are chosen based on the number of tokens they have staked in the network. Validators earn rewards for their participation in securing and maintaining the network.
Variable Buy/Sell Tax
A type of tax rate on buy or sell transactions within a smart contract that is not fixed. The rate can be adjusted by the contract owner at will. This allows for more flexibility in terms of how the tax rate is applied, as opposed to a static rate.
Venture Capital
Venture capital refers to investment funds provided to startups or companies that need substantial capital to get started or expand. These funds are typically provided by venture capitalists in exchange for equity or ownership stakes in the company, often targeting high-growth industries like technology and innovation.
Virtual AMM (vAMM)
A Virtual Automated Market Maker (vAMM) operates similarly to a traditional AMM but does not rely on a physical asset pool. Instead, the vAMM uses mathematical formulas to simulate liquidity, allowing for decentralized trading without requiring actual assets to be held in a liquidity pool.

Wallet
A software application that stores cryptocurrencies and allows users to send, receive, and manage their digital assets. Wallets come in different types, such as hot wallets (online) and cold wallets (offline).
Wallet Address
A unique identifier used to send and receive cryptocurrency. It is essentially the digital equivalent of an account number in the world of traditional banking.
Wash Trade
A form of market manipulation where a single party buys and sells the same asset repeatedly to inflate its trading volume or create the illusion of market activity. This is typically illegal in traditional financial markets and is seen as unethical in the cryptocurrency space.
Watchlist
A personal list of assets or tokens that an investor or trader monitors for price movements, news, or other relevant activity. The watchlist helps individuals stay informed about specific cryptocurrencies they are interested in.
Web3 Wallet
A wallet designed specifically for interacting with Web 3.0, a decentralized internet powered by blockchain technologies. Web3 wallets allow users to manage their private keys, interact with dApps, and participate in decentralized finance (DeFi) and other blockchain-based services.
Wei
The smallest possible unit of Ether (ETH). One Ether is equal to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 Wei (1 ETH = 10^18 Wei). Wei is used to measure very small amounts of Ether, particularly when dealing with gas fees on the Ethereum network.
Whale
A term used to describe an individual or entity that holds a large amount of a particular cryptocurrency, usually enough to influence the market’s price. Whales can “move the market” by making large buy or sell orders.
When Lambo
A meme and phrase used by cryptocurrency enthusiasts to express the hope that their investment will become so profitable that they will be able to buy a Lamborghini. It’s often used humorously in the crypto community to express excitement about potential future gains.
When Moon
A phrase used by investors to express curiosity or excitement about when the price of a cryptocurrency will rise significantly, reaching its “peak” or “moon.” It’s similar to “When Lambo” but specifically refers to price action.
Whitelist
A list of pre-approved individuals or participants who are given exclusive or early access to a token sale (such as an ICO, IEO, or STO). Being on the whitelist may grant priority access or special terms in participating in the sale.
Whitepaper
A detailed, formal document that introduces a cryptocurrency project, its goals, technical specifications, and how it intends to solve a problem or provide value. Whitepapers are typically used in the blockchain space to explain a new cryptocurrency or token and are an essential part of ICO or TGE campaigns.

Yield Farming
Yield farming involves providing liquidity to decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols by staking or lending cryptocurrency. In return, participants earn rewards, typically in the form of additional tokens or interest on trading fees. It is a method for generating high returns on cryptocurrency holdings through various DeFi platforms.
YTD (Year-to-Date)
An abbreviation for Year-to-Date, which refers to the period of time starting from the beginning of the current calendar year up until the present date. It is often used to measure the performance or growth of investments, assets, or financial indicators over the course of the year.

Zero Confirmation Transaction
Also known as an unconfirmed transaction, this refers to a transaction on a blockchain that has been broadcast to the network but has not yet been included in a block or confirmed by miners. It is still pending validation.
Zero Knowledge Proof
A cryptographic method that allows one party to prove to another party that they know a value (such as a password or private key) without revealing the value itself. It helps in maintaining privacy and security in various cryptographic protocols.
Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (zk-SNARKs)
A protocol that enables one party to prove possession of certain information (e.g., a secret or hash) to another party without revealing the actual information itself and without needing interaction between the two parties. It’s widely used in privacy-focused blockchains like Zcash to ensure transaction confidentiality.
zkML (Zero-Knowledge Machine Learning)
A concept that combines Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) with Machine Learning (ML). It allows the verification of machine learning models or computations without revealing the underlying data, making it more secure and privacy-preserving.
zkOracle
A zkOracle is a novel idea that combines oracles (which provide off-chain data to blockchains) with the concept of Zero-Knowledge Proofs. This allows data to be provided to the blockchain securely, without revealing sensitive information, thereby maintaining privacy and trustlessness.

51% Attack
A type of attack on a blockchain network in which a group of miners or entities control more than 50% of the total network’s hash rate (computational power). This enables them to potentially disrupt the blockchain by double-spending coins, halting transactions, or reversing their own transactions, undermining the integrity of the network.